![]() ![]() Tocotrienols: Used for their potent antioxidant properties, skin-soothing abilities, and moisture content, tocotrienols are a powerful, concentrated form of vitamin E. Research has demonstrated that niacinamide, even in low concentrations, can help strengthen a compromised skin barrier, boost skin’s synthesis of ceramides and cholesterol-both essential substances in barrier health and elasticity-and improve skin’s defenses against water loss. ![]() Niacinamide: Aka vitamin B3, niacinamide has a wide range of benefits, most notably its ability to improve signs of aging (fine lines, wrinkles, loss of firmness) as well as uneven tone and texture. Triple-Antioxidant Brightening Complex: Phloretin, glutathione, and diglucosyl gallic acid work together to normalize areas of excess melanin production, reduce hyperpigmentation (those pink or red marks left over after a breakout), and enhance the penetration of actives like azelaic acid. Because of its exfoliation benefits, it also enhances the penetration and absorption of other ingredients. This unique combination of abilities allows salicylic acid to improve concerns like texture and tone as well as help unclog pores. Research has demonstrated that azelaic acid, at a 10% concentration, can help improve multiple types of discolorations-both those that occur due to sun damage as well as postbreakout red or brown marks-and has mild exfoliation properties.ġ% Salicylic Acid: This beta hydroxy acid exfoliates the surface of skin, and because it is oil soluble, it is able to penetrate to exfoliate the pores, too. 10% Azelaic Acid: Derived from barley, azelaic acid (aka dicarboxylic acid) is used for its powerful skin-soothing and brightening benefits.
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